Have the World Markets got
“$104 Billion”! That is the Valuation which the Social
Networking Giant “Facebook” has received after it decided to go public.
Facebook has got listed on the NASDAQ on Friday 18th May 2012 under
the symbol “FB”.
The Menlo Park,
California-based company has managed to sell 421.2 million shares, up from
337.4 million shares it previously said it would offer at the upper limit of
its price band of $34-$38 which was actually an increase from $28-$35 on
growing demand for the Social Network’s shares. The IPO was oversubscribed on
the very first day and hence the company pushed
the price up on the IPO’s second day thereby creating a technology company with
a historic IPO valuation at 25x of its revenues.
At $16 billion, Facebook has managed to become the largest
Tech IPO ever and the 7th largest IPO in the World.
Big
Question – So what does this have to do with the World markets?
The whopping $16 billion IPO of Facebook,
will not only permanently engage $16 billion of liquidity from the Equities
market but also actually absorb over $150 billion of liquidity from the Derivatives
market. Hence, a permanent shortage of $16 billion from the Equities market and
over $150 billion in the Futures Derivatives market as brokers require only
5-15% of margin for Derivatives.
Can this
get a little freakier?
To be oversubscribed on the 2nd
day itself, we at Metcon Finance assume that the IPO would have been subscribed
around 20 times by the time it closed. (Dealbook reported 25 times in Asia, our
estimates are conservative) This means that over $300 billion was required to
be locked in for a week. Now how do you, as an Institutional Investor bring in
that much of liquidity when that is invested in various regions of the world
including the US stocks & commodities? Find the answer below.
The recent fall in the Global Stock
Markets for e.g. the NASDAQ, the German DAX, the French CAC, Hong Kong’s Hang
Seng, the Indian Nifty, the Japanese Nikkei and major global indices has ranged
between 8-10% only in the month of May, which comprises of only 14 trading
sessions till now. While some analysts pointed out to lack of visibility in the
revenue of Facebook, the oversubscription to the Social Giant’s IPO proves that
many investors and clients saw value in buying a part of the network that they
or 900 million other users become a part of every day, week or month. And $300
billion translates into more than $2 trillion and in May itself, global markets
have lost roughly $4 trillion in market cap.
While we do not want to underestimate
the impact of the European crisis, we do believe that the oversubscription
required investments in US Dollars and hence the demand for the currency
increased, leading to investors pulling out of investments made abroad. This in
turn led to a sudden fall in share prices and a spike in the Greenback. In
short, we believe that the Facebook IPO is also a significant reason for many
individual stocks and indices falling in the last 2 weeks across US, Europe and
countries such as India, China, HK, South Korea among others as Global markets
take cues from each other.
However, we believe that once the
listing gets done, we will see liquidity coming back to the markets as
investors would have been allotted the shares of the company, leading to stocks
and global indices recovering, the US dollar correcting and oil prices
increasing.
Our analysis above is backed by
historical data of the 3 Largest IPOs in US History – Visa, Enel SpA and
General Motors. We analyzed the behavior of the NASDAQ before, on and after the
day of listing of these 3 Stocks.
On March 20, 2008, the IPO underwriters
(including JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs & Co., Banc of America
Securities LLC, Citi, HSBC, Merrill Lynch & Co., UBS Investment Bank
and Wachovia Securities) exercised their overallotment option, purchasing an
additional 40.6 million shares, bringing Visa's total IPO share count to 446.6 million,
and bringing the total proceeds to US$19.1 billion. Visa was expected to debut
at a price of $37 to $42 per share, but there was enough initial interest to
price the deal at $44 on Mar. 18. On Mar. 19, Visa, under the stock ticker
"V," opened on the New York Stock Exchange at 59.50 per share, and
finished the session 29% above the offering price, at 56.86.
During the time frame of January 15th
2008 to 17th March 2008 till the IPO and listing process was going on, the
NASDAQ fell from 2382 to 2177 in a time frame of around 35 days which is 205
points or -8.6%! After the IPO, the index moved from 2177 to 2522 an increase
of +15.85% in a span of just two months as liquidity returned to other stocks
and Futures & Options in the market.
Co-incidence?
Or is the effect of liquidity being released back into markets?
#2 ENEL SpA – This Italian power
company was publicly listed on the New York Stock Exchange and in Europe after
the Italian Government liberalized the power industry in 1999. Enel SpA’s IPO
date debuted on November 01, 1999 and got a valuation of $16.45 billion making
it the largest IPO till Visa’s IPO in 2008.
With the range span from mid-September
1999 to mid-October 1999, the NASDAQ fell almost 200 points from 2868 – 2670.
After the IPO, the company got listed and within two months the Nasdaq composite
Index surged to +57.49%.
While such a
spike up is definitely not just because of liquidity emerging post the Enel SpA
IPO but it definitely may have been a contributing factor, wouldn’t it?
#3
General Motors – On July 10, 2009, with financing partially provided by the US
Government, General Motors emerged from reorganization. GM was re-listed on the
NYSE on November 17, 2010, setting the record for the 3rd largest
IPO in US history with a value of $15.7 billion (of course, now that rank has
been bagged by Facebook).
GM sold 478 million common shares at $33
each, raising $15.77 billion, as well as $4.35 billion in preferred shares,
more than the initially planned $4 billion.
From 8th November to 17th
November of 2010, when the IPO offer got completed, the NASDAQ fell from 2580 –
2469, i.e. -4.30% in a time frame of just 7 days. After the listing, the index moved from 2469 – 2769
an increase of +12.17% in a span of 2 months.
Coming back to the epic & celebrated
IPO of Facebook and looking at it from the perspective of Visa, Enel SpA and
GM, look what we have:
From the
highs of 3134 on March 27, 2012, the NASDAQ has corrected by 10.2% to 2813 on
May 17.
Now that
Facebook has got listed, the $104 billion question: Do we have a 10%+ move soon
coming up?
Shaurya Mehta
CEO
Metcon
Finance Ltd.
Mumbai,
India
18.05.2012
Great job...like your point of view...!
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